Lot 2524 MUGHAL: Shah Alam II, 1759-1806, AV nazarana mohur (10.69g), Shahjahanabad, AH1218 year 46, KM-721, Stevens- 8.2, 34mm, with mint epithet Dar al-Khilafat, struck in gold, NGC graded MS63+, Certificate #4668521-001. Nazarana, Nazrana or Nazars were presented to the king on special occasions. People, who wanted to present nazars, would order and buy the special struck coins from the mint. For the nazar or nazarana coins, an extra fee had to be paid as the production required extra work. For the mint, it was a nice extra income and almost all the nazarana coins were returned back to the mint again shortly thereafter. This is only the second example offered for public sale that we are aware of and likely the finest known example! Estimate $60,000-80,000

Lot 877 GREAT MONGOLS: Töregene, 1241-1246, AR 10 dirhams (28.52g), al-Kurraman, AH641, A-—, within a square, the Abbasid caliph: al-musta'im / billah amir / al-mu'minin, with floral ornaments in each of the four marginal segments // also in square, duriba hadha / fi'l-balad / al-kurraman, with the date arranged in the margin: bi-tarikh sana / ihda / (wa) arba'in / wa sitmi'a, one small area of weakness, VF to EF, RRRR, ex M.H. Mirza Collection. The purpose of this astounding issue remains unclear, but it undoubtedly is related to the influence of the Great Mongols during the regency of Töregene and the opposing Qarlughids, who ruled AH621-658 in Sind, and at some point towards the end of his reign struck base-metal jitals at Kurraman (Tye-344), as well as silver tankas without mint name, thought to have been struck at Ghazna, Kurraman, or Sind, with the latest known date AH636. A similar calligraphic style is known for a tanka of the Delhi sultan Iltutmish, undated but presumably before the end of his reign in AH633 (Goron-D38). The denomination seems likely to be indeed 10 dirhams, as the 3 known examples follow the weight of 10 dirhams of Töregene, and cannot be the equivalent of 2½ tankas of the Qarlughids or the Delhi Sultanate, which should weight about 27.2g, far lighter than the three known pieces. This is the third reported example of this type, Kurraman 641, all from the same pair of dies, and this example is in much better condition than the other two, and without any flaws. The two other examples appeared in the Numismatic Genevensis Auction 8, Lot 289 (28.10g), in 2014 and in the Triton Auction XXII, Lot 1234 (28.66g), in January 2019. The city of Kurraman was located in the hilly area of Waziristan in Pakistan, close to the modern Afghan border, not far from the modern city of Parachinar, the capital of the Kurram Valley in Pakistan. It was only briefly active as a mint city, from the late Ghorid period circa AH590s until this issue, which appears to be the last dated coin struck at Kurraman. These include rare issues in the name of Mangubarni and anonymous Mongol issues during the lifetime of Chingiz Khan. A rare jital was struck slightly later, by the Qarlughid ruler Nasir al-Din Muhammad, who ruled AH647-658 (type A-1818K). Estimate $18,000-22,000

Lot 2596 MYSORE: Tipu Sultan, 1782-1799, AV 2 pagoda (sadiqi), Patan, AM1217 year 7, KM-A129, almost certainly the finest known example of this very rare type, NGC graded MS67, RRR, sold as part of Lot 55 by Glendinings on 10 November 1976. With the cyclical year "43", indicated by the Persian word "sarâb", which stands for "mirage". The coinage of Tipu Sultan (1782-1799) is one of most complex and fascinating series struck in India during the 18th century. Local South India coinage had been struck in the area that became Mysore since ancient times, with the first gold coinage introduced about the 11th century (the elephant pagoda), and other pagodas continuing through the following centuries. These pagoda were always in the South Indian style until the reign of Haidar Ali (1761-1782), who added pagodas with Persian legends, plus a few very rare gold mohurs and silver rupees, always in the name of the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II plus the Arabic letter "h" as the first letter of his name. His successor, Tipu Sultan, continued to issue pagodas, mohurs and rupees, with legends that were completely new. As for copper, the new large paisa was commenced by Haidar Ali in AH1195, two years before his death, with the elephant on the obverse, the mint on the reverse, and was continued throughout the reign of Tipu Sultan, who added other denominations. Tipu Sultan introduced a set of new Persian names for the various denominations, which appear on all of the gold and silver coins and on some of the copper. They were: COPPER: Qutb for the 1/8 paisa (Persian for the pole star) -- Akhtar for the 1/4 paisa (star) -- Bahram for the 1/2 paisa (the planet Mars) -- Zohra for the paisa (the planet Venus) -- either Othmani for the double-paisa (the third caliph of the Rashidun) or Mushtari (the planet Jupiter). SILVER: Khizri for the 1/32 rupee (for the fountain of life) -- Kazimi for the 1/16 rupee (for Musa, the seventh Shi'ite Imam) -- Ja'fari for the 1/8 rupee (Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Shi'ite Imam) -- Bâqiri for the 1/4 rupee (Muhammad al-Baqiri, the fifth Imam) -- Abidi for the 1/2 rupee (Ali Zain al-'Abidin, the fourth Imam) -- Imami for the rupee (reference to the 12 Shi'ite Imams) -- Haidari for the double-rupee (lion, for Ali b. Abi Talib, who was both the fourth caliph and the first Shi'ite Imam). GOLD: Faruqi for the pagoda (Umar al-Faruq, the third caliph) -- Sadîqi for the double-pagoda (Abu Bakr al-Sadiq, the second caliph) -- Ahmadi for the four-pagoda ("most praised", one of the name of the Prophet Muhammad). During his first 4 years, the large gold coin was the mohur, with an average weight of about 10.95g (AH1197-1200), replaced with the four-pagoda of 13.74g with the calendar change to the Mauludi system (AM1215-1219). The denomination does not appear on the Hijri dated gold coins, but was added on all the Mauludi dated pieces. At the beginning of his first year, Tipu Sultan abandoned the Hijri dating system and introduced the Mauludi system (from the Arabic word "walad", which means "birth"), based on the solar year and the birth year of the Prophet Muhammad (actually 571 AD, but for some perplexing reason reckoned as 572 by Tipu Sultan for his staff). From the beginning of his reign, Tipu Sultan added the name of the Indian cyclic year on the large silver and gold coins, including this double-pagoda, together with his regnal year. Each of the names is Persian, though in several examples, the meaning of the names in India was different from the Iranian meaning (not indicated here). According to the Indian meanings, these are the cyclic years: Zaki for cyclic 37, which corresponded to his year 1 ("pure") -- Azâl for 38 ("eternity", year 2) -- Jalau for 39 ("splendor", year 3) -- Dalv for 40 (the sign of Aquarius, year 4) -- Shâ for 41 ("king", year 5) -- Sârâ for 42 ("fragrant", year 6) -- Sarâb for 43 ("mirage", for year 7) -- Shitâ for 44 ("winter", year 8) -- Zabarjad for 45 ("topaz", year 9) -- sahar ("dawn", year 10) -- Sâhar ("magician", year 11). Estimate $14,000-16,000

Lot 288 UMAYYAD: Ibrahim, 744, AV dinar (4.14g), NM (Dimashq), AH127, A-T140, bold strike, minor adjustment on the edge, EF to About Unc, RRR. The year AH127 is the second rarest of the Umayyad dinars, with only year 77 rarer. Although there had been some rumpling of anti-Umayyad opposition for several decades, and some further rebellious incidents in the early AH120s, it was not until the disputes over the Umayyad succession after the death of Hisham in 125 (743 AD) that the opposition reached a critical level. The pro-Abbasid branches of the opposition were one of many groups, including Sunni, Shi'ite and Kharijite groups, as well as anti-Arab uprisings throughout the east, and in parts of the newly conquered North Africa and Spain. By the end of 126, nearly all the Umayyad lands were scourged with rebellions. Interestingly, Umayyad gold continued to be struck in massive quantities until 125, the all subsequent years at least scarce (131 is somewhat common, 132 is of course very rare, but 127 is extremely rare). Nonetheless, the production of silver dirhams at Wasit continued unabatedly through 131 (132 is extremely rare). We know that the Umayyad administration fled from Damascus (Dimashq) to Harran in northern Syria (now just across the border in modern Turkey) at some point about the middle of 128. Silver dirhams of Damascus dated 126 are slightly scarce, but Damascus dirhams dated 127 and 131 are common, whereas 128, 129, 130, and especially 132 are all extremely rare. Perhaps there was some emergency need in Damascus for silver dirhams in 127, or there was no accessible source of gold in Damascus during that year. Nonetheless, gold dinars of 127, presumably struck at the Damascus mint, are inexplicably of great rarity! Estimate $12,000-15,000

Lot 1697 EGYPT: Fuad I, as King, 1922-1936, SET of 3 extremely rare silver Art Deco style "Egyptian Royal Tour" medals in a period plush case, 1) 72mm, Medal for the Official Visit to Rome 1927, by Aurelio Mistruzzi (189g); uniformed bust right of Fuad wearing fez, name and titles in Arabic around // VISITA VFFICIALE DE S. M. FVAD I RE D'EGITTO ALL' ITALIA II-IV AGOSTO MCMXXVII legend around Naked River Godesses of the Nile (NILVS) and Tiber (TIBER) standing facing; beyond to either side, the Sphinx and the Colosseum. Casolari V/98 var 2) 72mm, Medal for the Official Visit to Belgium 1927 by S.E. Vernier and G. Devreese (173g); uniformed bust right of Fuad wearing fez, name and titles in Arabic around // EGYPTE / BELGIQUE above hieroglyphic tablets, Sphinx and Belgic Lion together below; in exergue, VISITE OFFICIELLE / DE SA MAJESTE FOUAD I / ROI D'EGYPTE / A LA BELGIQUE / XXVI-XXVIII OCTOBRE / MCMXXVII in cartouche. Casolari -. 3) 72mm, Medal for the Official Visit to Czechoslovakia 1929, by S.E. Vernier and Lad Saeud (175g), uniformed bust right of Fuad wearing fez, name and titles in Arabic around // Coat of arms of Kingdom of Egypt and Czechoslovakia above personifications of both nations holding hands, both atop floral columns, VISITE OFFICIELLE / DE SA MAJESTE FOUAD I / ROI D'EGYPTE / A LA TCHECOSLOVAQUIE / XXVI-XXVIII JUIN / MCMXXIX between the two figures, struck at the Monnaie de Paris (the Paris Mint) These silver issues are unpublished in the standard references and are likely unique with period case, all mint state, set of 3 silver medals, RRR. Aurelio Mistruzzi (1880-1960) was an Italian sculptor and medalist. He first attended the School of Art in Udine under the direction of the sculptor De Paoli. He then enrolled at the Academy of Venice and shortly after, he moved to Milan to attend the evening courses of the Brera Academy held by Mazzucchelli and Pellini, sculptors of the Impressionist era. In 1908, thanks to a scholarship, he entered the School of Medallic Art in Rome. In the early twentieth century he devoted himself diligently to medallion and coinage design including many Vatican coin types of Pius XI and Pius XII. Émile Séraphin Vernier (1852-1927) was a French sculptor, metal worker, engraver and medalist. He was president of the Société des Artistes Décorateurs from 1905 to 1910. He later became an expert on antique jewelry in Egypt. Vernier was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1903 and an officer in 1911. Godefroid Devreese (1861-1941) was a Belgian medalist and sculptor. He was one of Belgium's most famous medal designers, and he was also known for his sculptures, monuments and fountains in France and Belgium. In 1885 he won the Prix de Rome. Estimate $10,000-20,000

Lot 1469 GREAT BRITAIN: Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1653-1658, AR crown, 1658/7, KM-D207, S-3226, dies by Thomas Simon, struck at the Frenchman Pierre Blondeaus' mint at Drury House, London; OLIVAR D G R P ANG SCO HIB & PRO (Oliver, by the Grace of God, Protector of the Republic of England, Scotland and Ireland), laureate and draped bust of Cromwell left // PAX QVAERITVR BELLO (The peace is acquired through war), crowned garnished coat-of-arms, HAS NISI PERITVRVS MIHI ADIMAT NEMO (let no-one remove these letters from me, under penalty of death) on edge in relief, a lovely example of this popular type! PCGS graded MS63, R. The iconic obverse die-crack is represented here in its very first stage, indicative of a very early striking and thus rare. This is the first crown to be produced with a lettered edge. With additional PNG certificate number 2102 issued 11 January 1973 and issued to renowned numismatist Catherine E. Bullowa. This type is the first of the machine-struck portrait crowns. Often classified as a pattern, it should be considered as regular coinage as many of the coins did see circulation. The piece shows Cromwell as a Roman Emperor, draped and laureated. This piece is noted for the presence of a die crack across the lower obverse. It is always there to some degree, but early die state coins do command a premium. Oliver Cromwell served as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1653 until his death, acting simultaneously as head of state and head of government of the new republic. Cromwell was one of the signatories of King Charles I's death warrant in 1649, and he dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England as a member of the Rump Parliament (1649-1653). He was selected to take command of the English campaign in Ireland in 1649-1650. Cromwell's forces defeated the Confederate and Royalist coalition in Ireland and occupied the country, bringing to an end the Irish Confederate Wars. On 20 April 1653, he dismissed the Rump Parliament by force, setting up a short-lived nominated assembly known as Barebone's Parliament before being invited by his fellow leaders to rule as Lord Protector of England (which included Wales at the time), Scotland, and Ireland from 16 December 1653. Though he worked with a Parliament, he was granted almost unlimited powers, and basically became dictator. As a ruler, he executed an aggressive and effective foreign policy. He died from natural causes in 1658 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Estimate $8,000-10,000

Lot 2260 TIBET: pattern 5 sho, ND (1929-30), KM-PnA12, YZM-497, Autonomous Tibetan issue, crouching snow lion, facing left, looking diagonally upwards right with sun and three ornaments above and small mountain below, within a circular border to which eight lotus petals are attached, each containing one of the eight Buddhist auspicious emblems, with circle and beaded border around // Tibetan legend zho lnga ("five sho") at center of an ornamental cartouche, with the standard legend which refers to the Tibetan Government: dga' ldan pho brang phyogs las rnam rayal around, the legend's syllables separated by the usual beads (Tibetan tsheg = "syllable marker"), this surrounded by a circle composed of cloud-shaped elements connected by arches, between each pair of which there is a bead, all within a beaded circular border, PCGS graded Specimen 65. In older editions of the Krause Standard Catalog of World Coins, this coin was listed as a regular issue (as Y-32), but it is now believed that it is a pattern coin struck between 1928 and 1930 in the Dode mint with the imported coining presses from the British firm Taylor & Challen. This is an absolutely fantastic example of this rare Tibetan pattern silver type. This is the finest graded by either NGC or PCGS! Estimate $8,000-10,000

Lot 2722 BRITISH INDIA: George VI, 1937-1947, nickel rupee, 1945(b), KM-557var, S&W-9.30var, off-metal strike, normal "5" in the date, unrecorded in nickel by KM, Pridmore, and Stevens & Weir; there is no record of any nickel off-metal strike of any date 1945 or earlier on CoinArchives, NGC graded Proof 62, RRRR. By the end of 1945, the use of silver for the full, half, and quarter rupees had become unfeasible, whence it was decided to produce all subsequent issues in nickel. Indeed, nickel half and quarter rupees were struck in large quantities in 1946 & 1947 at the Bombay mint, but only patterns were struck for the full rupee dated 1946, also only at the Bombay mint. It is conceivable that this nickel 1945 rupee was a trial struck before the dies for 1946/1947 were ready, perhaps just to be sure the presses would be capable of producing rupees in nickel. Estimate $7,500-8,500

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